The Sun Rising by John Donne and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell Essay Example For Students

The Sun Rising by John Donne and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell Essay The main theme of The Sun Rising and To His Coy Mistress is love. Each poem follows different aspects of love. They are both strong aspects of love and both universal themes for they will forever be around as long as people still love each other. These themes are mainly there because of Donnes and Marvells views and personal experiences. Born a Catholic in 1572 John Donne became a lawyer and was well known for sailing as a gentlemen adventurer with Essex and Raleigh. Donne became MP for Brackley in 1601. He secretly married a lady by the name of Ann Moore. We will write a custom essay on The Sun Rising by John Donne and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Donne was briefly imprisoned because of this secret marriage. Donne wrote most of his love poetry before 1615 and wrote various writings including Songs and Sonnets. In 1615 Donne took holy orders, was ordained as a deacon and became priest at St. Pauls Cathedral. He was then made royal chaplain to James I. I believe that Donnes experience of his secret marriage has helped him to understand love and he shows this in the poem. The main theme of The Sun Rising is to show how much he loves his lover and how wonderful and important she is. The poem contains metaphysical ideas and this helps to emphasise how he feels about his lover. For example the last two lines of the poem read: Shine here to us, and thou art everywhere; this bed thy centre is, these walls, thy sphere. This creates an image of just the poet and his lover in bed, blocked off from anything or anyone else. It is also saying that as far as the poet is concerned the sun only needs to shine on them as he feels he and his lover is the most important thing in the world and no-one else matters. The poem is symmetrical with three regular stanzas each containing a rhyme scheme of ABBACDCDEE. This rhyme scheme repetition helps the poem flow and makes it easier to read. The rhyming couplet at the end helps round off each stanza, emphasising it is the end of that stanza and the start of a new idea. The rhyming couplet at the end of the last stanza helps bring the poem to a delicate close because it leaves you with the image of the poet and his lover and nothing else mattering. Donne changes the tone of the poem depending upon who he is talking to or about. At the beginning of the poem he uses a very colloquial tone to address the sun and he is disrespectful to the sun. For example, the opening line of the poem: Busy old fool, unruly sun, this lets the reader know he is angry at being woken up. The poet talks to the sun as though he is a person; this is because the poet feels very powerful when with his lover and feels authoritative over the sun. He questions the sun on why he is so powerful and why everyone has to run in line with his timing. Donne asks: Must to thy motions lovers seasons run? After this Donne then proceeds to scorn the sun as a time watcher as though the sun has nothing better to do. Donne asks: Saucy pedantic wretch, go chide late schoolboys, and sour prentices. Go tell court-huntsmen that the king will ride, Call country ants to harvest offices; This section creates many images of normal a wide variety of people, ranging from young schoolboys to the king and this helps emphasise the fact that Donne wants the sun to shine anywhere but in his room with his lover. The rhyming couplet that end the first stanza, read: Love all alike, no seasons know, nor clime, Nor hours, days, months which are the rags of time. These two lines help summarise the first stanza, which is that love never changes and does not know seasons or time unlike the sun which changes what time he rises depending on the time of year. Donne is also implying it is the same for all lovers. When Donne is talking about his lover he uses a completely different tone compared to when he is talking to the sun. He is more relaxed and structures the words so that they are said more slowly than before. For example, She is all states, and all princess I, the use of all helps slow down the line and the alliteration of the s sound forces you to say it slowly and with emphasis on the repeated all. In the second stanza Donne tries to take some authority over the sun by stating: Thy beams, so reverend and strong why shouldst thou think? I could eclipse and cloud them with a wink, Donne is saying how easy it would be for him to close his eyes so that he can eclipse the sun. Donne then proceeds to say: But that I would not lose her sight so long: this means that Donne does not want to lose sight of his lover, whose eyes are brighter than the sun. By saying this, Donne is implying that his lover is greater and more beautiful than the sun. The second stanza creates some of the most important exotic imagery in the whole poem. In this stanza Donne is telling the sun that even if he travelled around the whole world, to some of the most beautiful places, the sun would not find anything as beautiful as Donnes lover. .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b , .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b .postImageUrl , .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b , .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b:hover , .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b:visited , .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b:active { border:0!important; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b:active , .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: William Blake Poetry Themes EssayThe stanza reads (line 16) Look, and tomorrow late, tell me whether both the Indias of spice and mine, Be where thou leftst them, or lie here with me. These exaggerated comparisons known as conceits make it very interesting for the reader. In this he is also asking the sun if he finds his lover more beautiful than the treasures of the earth. Donnes tone has calmed down a lot in the second stanza compared to the first stanza. I believe this is because at first he is grumpy because he had been woken up and no one likes being woken up in the morning. Then as the poem goes Donne becomes more expansive about his love and talks more about his lovers beauty. In the third stanza Donnes tone becomes more nonchalant. In this stanza he compliments his lover a lot and the first two lines read: She is all states, and all Princes I, Nothing else is. I believe these are two of important lines in the poem as they generally summarise the whole meaning of the poem. In these two lines Donne is saying that she is all the countries in the world and he is all the princes and that nothing else matters to him apart from her. Mid-way through the stanza Donne says: Thou, sun, art half as happy as we, In that the worlds contracted thus; This is saying that the sun isnt half as happy as Donne and his lover, even though the sun gets to see everything and is a powerful source of life because without the sun we would all die due to starvation from no crops being grown. I t also says that Donnes world has shrunken down and all that he needs is confined in his bedroom, i. e. his lover. Also in that quote, the alliteration of the h sound makes you say the sentence slower and almost sounds like breathlessness shown in awe of their emotions. This gives it more meaning. The very last rhyming couplet of the poem reinforces that all Donne needs is his lover, it says: Shine here to us, and thou art everywhere; This bed thy centre is, these walls, thy sphere. I think this is a great sentence to end on because-as said already- this creates an image of Donne, in bed with his lover, blocked off from the world and confined to his little bedroom where Donne is at his happiest because he is with his lover and he can not be disturbed by anyone, not even the sun. To His Coy Mistress written by Andrew Marvell, also contains the theme of love, but focuses on a different aspect to The sun rising. Born in 1621, Andrew Marvell was brought up in Hull on the River Humber and was born a Protestant. He briefly converted to a Catholic but then changed back. He had many skills and was a writer, a tutor and a traveller. In 1659 he was elected MP for Hull and he was in power for nearly 20 years. To his coy mistress is his most famous poem, and it is cleverly written on the ancient theme of carpe diem -or seize the day- as an attempt to convince a girl to sleep with him. The poem starts off very slowly and at this time Marvell is being patient with the girl. At first he implies that the lady not wanting to sleep with him and wait is a crime. The first two lines read: Had we but world enough, and time, this coyness, lady, were no crime. This is saying that it would not be a crime if they had forever to follow the conventional courtship rituals. The poem is written with rhyming couplets all the way through and the poem does not have any stanzas. The first type of imagery starts in the fifth line where Marvell writes: Thou by the Indian Ganges side, Shouldst rubies find; I by the tide Of Humber would complain. I would Love you ten years before the flood. This means that he would have loved her before the flood in the bible. He is implying if he could he would have loved her forever. Marvell also writes about how if he had the time he would wait for her to feel ready to have sex, but he does not have that time and wants to take her virginity now. This is the whole point of the poem and is very well expressed. Marvell writes: But at my back, I always hear Times winged chariot hurrying near which shows that he is conscious of the time passing and that he is not getting any closer to having sex with her. The poem uses metaphors very effectively. The eleventh line reads: My vegetable love shall grow. This means that his love is like a vegetable, and it starts of a seed, and that needs looking after and nurturing in order to grow, just like his love. Vegetables need certain things to grow, like water and sunlight, and I think Marvells love is like that because he needs to have sex with her so his love can grow even more. .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf , .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf .postImageUrl , .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf , .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf:hover , .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf:visited , .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf:active { border:0!important; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf:active , .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How do the Poets Portray the Theme of Love in the Poems you have studied EssayIn the second quarter of the poem Marvell starts to compliment his lover as an attempt to seduce her in to bed. He does this by saying: An hundred years should go to praise Thine eyes and thy forehead gaze; Two hundred to adore each breast; But thirty thousand to the rest: An age, at least, to every part, and the last age should go to her heart. In these lines Marvell is saying how he should, pay more attention to her beauty, and that she deserves nothing less. This is quite ironic because he does not even attempt to do any of this. Marvell rounds this off by writing: For, lady, you deserve this state; Nor would I love at a lower rate. After this comes the couplet: But, at my back, I always hear Times winged chariot hurrying near, which is saying he does not have time to pay that much attention to her as he said he would like to. This is a clever sentence, because it contains personification, imagery and a metaphor. It contains personification because it makes you think time is a person on a chariot, and you get a good image of this in your mind. It is also metaphorical because it compares the speed of time and how people are always running out of time as someone is hurrying him up. After this, Marvell becomes more and more restless and impatient. The tone changes and becomes more urgent. It speeds up, as Marvell is getting angry because she still will not sleep with him. Marvell now starts to talk about passion and how, if she does not have sex soon, she never will. He writes: That long preserved virginity: and your quaint honour turn to dust; And into ashes all my lust This is also hinting he is getting bored of waiting and that his passion for her will die down if he does not have sex with her soon. It is also threatening her with the idea of dying a virgin. He then writes: The graves a fine and private place, but none I think do their embrace. Now, therefore, while the youthful hue Sits on thy skin like morning dew. And while thy willing soul transpires, at every pore with instant fires. This shows that Marvell is desperate and he is saying that when she dies no one will want to have sex with her and she should do it while she is young because no one will want her when she is old. You can now sense that Marvell is extremely frustrated and he uses the word Now frequently. In one final gasp Marvell writes: Let us roll all our strength, and all our sweetness, up into one ball; and tear our pleasures, with rough strife, Through the iron gates of life. He is saying that they should rip their clothes off and make love as soon as possible because it will be like heaven-the iron gates of life. This gives a sexual image of the gates of life. To conclude the poem Marvell writes: Thus, though we can not make our sun Stand still, yet we will make him run. This means that they cannot stop time, but they can use time wisely, by making the most of it to make love. These two poems are both about different aspects of love, The sun rising focuses on how wonderful a lover can be, To his coy mistress is all about seizing the day, and consummating his love. To his coy mistress is not really about being in the blissful state of love, unlike The Sun Rising. It is more to do with the physical aspect of making love, and although you get the impression it is about love it never says it in the poem. I think that in To his coy mistress it shows how man can get desperate for love and will resort to saying anything. It does not show the one quality that only human beings have, that no other life form on earth have, that is being able to have feelings to someone and use sex as an expression of peoples love. The sun rising shows this and this is why I feel people can relate to this poem better. The arguments for love in The Sun Rising are mainly about celebrating love and showing that you feel love for someone, and it gets more elaborate and expansive throughout the poem. For example it starts out with ordinary schoolboys and later talks about more exotic ideas like the West Indies, until finally it talks about the universe. To His Coy Mistress examines the time essence of a relationship and how there is not enough time to do everything the way it should be done and is about making the most of your youth. It is a very time conscious poem and expresses how Marvell feels about enjoying life.

Impact of Media in Socialization

Impact of Media in Socialization Effects of the Media How can the media teach responsible behaviours such as decision-making? The current and almost inevitable behaviour involves periodical flipping of channels using a remote control to find a suitable program. People learn both beneficial and negative practices from the media. Children learn some languages or slangs from the media, and this end up influencing their communication behaviours even in future undertakings.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Impact of Media in Socialization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The themes and issues such as drama, violence, sex and music are common implications. Children are therefore prone to stereotyping and deceiving information about the world, particularly due to their innocence. People need to realize that socialization is a developmental process whereby the individual encounters others or earthly resources and they enable him/her to be socially a cceptable into specific settings. Social acceptance is a continual and ever dynamic procedure, throughout the entire lifetime. Lack of social control causes personal life to lacks proper meaning. Surroundings and experiences are the main determinants or the agents of socialization, which are the world’s main influences. These controls depend on exposure, and thus the positive or negative impacts on individuals. The media is one of the agents that have nearly permanent effect on people social lifestyles because of its manipulative style of shaping the society (Nash, 2010). The media consumes the behavioural pattern of many and mostly the youth. Although not intentional, teenagers easily pick the bad influences from the media in their urge of finding identity in the society. Sometimes the bad influences include bragging to the peers. When the family setting has a strong foundation on good influences, the teenager has ability to resist media pressure. Peer exposure has great p ressure than the family influences, but exposures to the media can cause different experiences, which are both great and influential to proper growth as well as social demolishing. Exposure to media influences is sociological because it determines if one is in a position to venture into future relationships without considering the experiences, or attracting more negative influences.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More State of the Media The media is dynamic and a revolution that rarely fades away from the social world. The celebrity influence is an example that is a common scenario among the youths since time in memorial. The media is equally expansive, and today it has great influence on everyone in various unique ways, regardless of the personal option or need. It has formed a big part of the social world, but people need to understand it as a manipulative too l because if one is in a position of thinking from the media point of view or aspired outcome, then understanding the system is easier. This kind of thought reduces the chances of negative influences. In close relation to Newman’s (2009) writing, childhood is not a biological but a social process of growth. This means that all children are unsecure from the media influences. Everyone is able to pick one or many aspects that are moral or immoral values of the society. A child does not need to understand the verbal interpretation to understand the description of violence from a television set. The tragic images speak bigger words. The key social values one picks from the media are evident during the socialization process, for instance the commercial implications. The media is however not set to spread good or negative influence, it acts as a manipulation tool in support of the businesses profit margins, but end up determining how the young child will socialize. The cartoon and animated images are the key determinant of the children’s actions. The media therefore distorts the morals values by influencing on people to take up what it portrays. Parental role Do the parents or guardians bother to check on the movie or program ratings? Young people are often curious of negative aspects such as alcohol, and thus the common definition of the teenage years being a time of experimenting and seeking novelty. Conducted survey indicates that scenes of alcohol and tobacco abuse are a common phenomenon in most programs and movies today (Kendall, 2006). As a result, at least half or more of the teenagers try out alcohol during the teenager stage, and nearly all have tried before reaching the legal age. â€Å"These days the youth show higher rates or percentage of alcohol problems as opposed to the older age groups† (Browne, 2009). This is a social problem mainly influenced through the media.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Impact of Media in Socialization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vulnerability to the media The brain may be more vulnerable to social pressure or discomforts due to sensitivity. These social effects can bring about pleasurable social experiences such as negative engagement, as one seeks better expectations. The effects of the media on the mind are enormous. In the studies of media influences by Partrick (2008), characteristically, people have a diminished sensitivity to influences because the hormones also play a vital role in decisions. According to Partrick (2008), â€Å"people have novelty to seek and promote competitiveness socially.† The production of hormones promotes human action, because the original occurrences on the media influence their social approvals. Effects of the media on growth and development Social, emotional, behavioural, physical and cognitive growths are very important aspects influencing social behaviou r. Analysis of some developmental life-span stages indicates the possibility of determining influences brought about by the media. There are unique kind of behavioural pattern to expect after a distinctive episode on the media, thus the need to suggest developmental concerns and appropriate actions. Human beings have to make decisions based on the challenges at hand. They face many disputes such as inevitable physical changes and parental or peer pressure especially over making decisions on impulsive activities (Kendall, 2006). These transitional issues are of critical concerns regarding identity, choices, self-esteem and emotional development. Their appearance to others is equally an important issue; because of they believe that everyone has unique problems, and all the public attention focuses particularly upon these issues. People often face the challenges of discovering their identity in terms of vocation, relationship, sexuality, gender, life interests, personality, culture a nd most importantly parental background (Kendall, 2006). Abusive media may cause conflicts, because of the need to find a desirable social lifestyle or freedom, especially during the emotionally stressing moments. Conclusion Pressure from the media should serve the role of determining and moulding the right character in a person. This is arguably the reason why people mainly mimic their parent’s lifestyles. Parental pressure is more often hard to resist because it is equally very hard to notice. It is therefore important to know that personal choices are very important even when the parental pressure is irresistible.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The strongest predictor and controller of media abuse or negative influence to the social lives, particularly among the youth and children is the parent. The parents assist in defining the usage and warn on the media effects. The parental pressure relates to modelling social lifestyles. References Browne, K. (2006). Introducing Sociology for AS Level. Oxford, UK: Polity Publishers Kendall, D. (2008). Sociology in Our Times: The Essentials. Kentucky, KY: Cengage Learning Publishers Nash, K. (2010). Contemporary Political Sociology: Globalization, Politics and Power. (Second Ed). Oxford, UK: John Wiley and Sons. Print Newman, D.M., (2009).Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life. Los Angeles, L.A.: Pine Forge Press, Partrick, B. J. (2008). Adolescents and Risk: Making Sense of Adolescents Psychology. Praeger Publishers

The Death Penalty is not an Effective Punishment Essay - 9

The Death Penalty is not an Effective Punishment - Essay Example Counterargument to refute the first argument: the claim that death penalty deters crime is a mere presumption, with no scientific proof. A number of studies have shown that death penalty does not deter crime. Hence, the first argument is incorrect. Counterargument in refutation of the second argument: death penalty does not ensure justice for the offended party because by killing the offender, the offended party does not get back what they were deprived of. Again, death penalty may be not the gravest form of punishment. Third argument by the proponents of my view: death penalty is an effective form of punishment because it prevents overpopulation of prisons; death penalty also prevents the criminals of grave crimes from committing crimes while in prison, or breaking from the prison to commit crimes outside the prison. Counterargument to refute the third argument: although jailing of criminals guilty of grave crimes may provide the criminals with some possibilities of committing more crimes in future, with proper preventive measures in place, however, the possibilities of committing more crimes by the prisoners will be quite minimal. Death penalty is undoubtedly one of the oldest and most common forms of punishment meted out against heinous and grave crimes in many cultures and world civilizations. In USA, for instance, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in the year 2009 alone, 52 inmates were executed. The advocates of death punishment also contend that death punishment is the most effective form.

Animal Agriculture in Ukraine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Animal Agriculture in Ukraine - Essay Example Since independence, Ukraine’s animal agricultural policy seeks to address key issues such as; food security, the development of rural areas and international competitiveness with the poultry, beef and pig sectors being the most protected. Poultry farming, pig farming, Animal Feed production, Cattle farming and Bio Energy production constitute the key animal agricultural sectors in Ukraine. The country’s agricultural sector remains a key economic determinant; although the sector’s total output collapsed by 40% between the years 1990 and 2010, (USUBC, 2008). The period also saw the reallocation of resources as a result of comparative advantage with the share of grains in production growing at the expense of livestock. Statistics indicate that, between the years 1990 and 2008, livestock output suffered extensively with the production falling by 50% compared to only 25% for grain production, (USUBC, 2008). It is further predicted that the sector will further contract by 18% in the projection period from 2010 to 2018. Besides, the country’s Foreign Direct investment in Animal agriculture continues to lag behind other countries as a result of its structure and regulatory framework. It is estimated that FDI in animal agriculture fell from over 21% in 1990 to just 5% in 2002. Generally, an estimated 13% of Ukraine’s total land area constitutes permanent pasture land. A 2001 statistic indicate that there were 9.4 million head of cattle, 963,000 sheep, 7.6 million pigs, 912,000 goats, 20 million ducks and 103 million chickens,(OECD 2004). Poultry numbers increased by 9% between the years 2004 and 2006 while the number of pigs 25%. However, the number of cattle decreased by 11% within the same period. Turkeys, goats, Horses, rabbits and ducks are also bred and raised in the country, (USUBC, 2008). Meat production is a key component of the country’s animal agricultural sector with a 2001 statistic indicating that 646,000, 591,000 and 239,000 tons of beef, pork and poultry meat respectively were produced within the year much less than the 1, 986,000, 1, 576,000 and 239,000 tons of the same products in 1990. Milk and egg production are also key segments within Ukraine’s animal agricultural sector. In 2001, milk and egg production totaled t o 13.4 million and 546,000 tons respectively, (USUBC, 2008). In addition to animal rearing, Animal food production is also a key component of the country’s animal agriculture. Most feed production is for poultry estimated at 2.2 million tones in 2006 while pig and cattle feeds accounted for 850 and 650 tones respectively,(OECD 2004). Animal food production is however highly centralized, with an estimated 30 companies producing half of all feed. Furthermore, the country’s largest producers manufacture nearly all major types of feeds although the tendency to produce feeds for personal needs by farmers has also increased. This has can be attributed to the desire to save cost and to practice contemporary animal breeding techniques within their own farms,(OECD 2004). Changing Trend Although Ukraine has done considerably well in the animal agricultural sector, its full potential is yet to be realized. In beef farming for example, the cattle heard in 2009 was found to be almo st 88% below that of independence in 1991. Beef remains the largest meat sector with 900, 000 tones production in 2008. This is followed by pig meat and Poultry meat at 700,000 and 30, 000 tones

Edgar Allan Poe Essay Example for Free

Edgar Allan Poe Essay Edgar Allan Poe was evil genius for his time and a great literary forerunner of today. He created the mind set for current writers such as Stephen King, Clive Barker, and Robin Cook by creating the horror story. Poe invites the reader to enter the mind of the narrator by using our senses as a way to provoke terror, suspense, and awe. His writing was influenced by many tragic losses in his life, and this would explain why Poe was a writer of such morbid short stories and poems. Poes experiences in life definitely influenced the remarkable literary work he produced. In his early life he had to deal with the death of both his parents, a difficult experience, but Poe accepted it as time went on. Later on in his life Poes stepfather disowned him. Young Edgars life was changed due to abandonment, alcoholism, and depression. In 1832 Poe moved in with his aunt and his 11 year old cousin in Baltimore. Poe then married his younger cousin in 1836. However, Poe did not know that he would suffer yet another terrible loss, the loss of his love, his wife. Poes ability to write literature was the window for him to express his feelings. All of Poes tragic losses affected the way he wrote. Poe used his life experiences to make his writing a lot more interesting. Poes writing is remarkably interesting. The poem The Raven showed how Poe erected a crazed state of mind, as the poem shows how the loss or a loved one drove a person crazy. This poem was possibly created for his wife that he had lost. While reading the poem it seems as if the stresses of the life of Poe, and his thoughts and feelings were all put into this poem. Throughout Poes life, many factors have contributed and influenced his writing style. He lived a difficult life, because he was raised in a dysfunctional household. But the final product of Poes mind is printed in his short stories and poems. Poes stories all have similar motifs and composition that would suggest suppressed emotions from life experiences are being discharged through his writings. The most prominent feature of Poes writing is his obsession with death. Poes writing does more than entertain the reader. It can be an insight into the dark and somber world of Edgar Allan Poe. One does not understand the meaning of Poe if one reads at the superficial level. One has to read into Poe, and understand the hardships of his life and how he maintained them that way. He knew that death was an inevitable part of life, it is the price of life, but he tried to fight it as if it was an unnatural part of life. He was an extremely intriguing man from all viewpoints, and he was and is, the dark side of all of us. It is difficult not to link Poes fictional stories with his real life. Evidence shows that Poe had a heart condition during his later years in life. Could The Tell Tale Heart be his own fear of the disease? Who knows? Could Poe have been expressing his fears that his alcoholic rages may cause him to hurt the ones he loved most in his tale The Black Cat? Finally, was the Pit and the Pendulum an allegory of his life? Did he find himself caught between the pendulum of financial adversity and the pit of degradation of death? Poe made the reader feel as if the reader were there, in the story, struggling with the same terrors of the characters. All his famous mystery thriller works give the reader a sense of nervousness, a sense of fear, and a sense of evil, by making our five senses awaken by reading every word. Critics say that Poe did not merely imitate the Gothic tales, but he also enriched them by preserving a central action while adding philosophical speculations and lore that deepened the impressions of the tales. As a result of the traumas he endured, Poe was unafraid of taking his readers for a walk on the dark side, where lines between life and death were sometimes blurred. His ability to tap into humankinds deepest fears and his consistency in portraying such intriguing and captivating themes is what has kept the work of Poe timeless. In short, Edgar Allan Poe has created many great stories for us. He liked to illustrate the dissolution of an individuals mind and body, as he had suffered it himself for quite a long time. He thought death is unavoidable, because he experienced keenly deaths all around him and its threat on his own life. He was obsessed by the loss of love of ideal women, for he had the same experience in life. Now, we can understand why Poe had a tendency of choosing such themes. Poe is an author of the inner world and his writings are his psychological autobiography to some extent. In this respect, Poe pioneered a new field in literature. He is the first one who focused on mans mental and spiritual activities, and his writings have deep influence on many of later writers. WORKS CITED Poe, Edgar Allan. Introductory Notes and Editors preface by Phillip van Doren Stern. In Selected Tales and Poems. The Viking Portal Library, Penguin Books, 1993. Moore, R. The Tell-Tale Heart: Discussion. 2002.Online. Internet. 11 November 2002. Available WWW: http://www.allpoe.com Murphy, Sally. Poes Poetry. 2002.Online. Internet. 12 November 2002. Available WWW: http://www.allpoe.com Meyers, Jeffrey. Edgar Allan Poe His Life and Legacy. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992. Peters, James. Edgar Allan Poe. April 1, 2002.http://www.island-of-freedom.com/POE.HTM Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: A Mournful and Never-Ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1991. Death of Edgar Allan Poe. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1998

Male and Female Relationships in Generation Y Essay -- Sex Abstinence

Male and Female Relationships in Generation Y Sexual relationships among teenagers today involve not only dating and sexual activity, but also health and lifestyle issues such as sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies. Today’s teens are more informed and willing to practice safe sex than previous generations. As a whole, trends like body piercing for sexual pleasure all the way to strict abstinence have been adopted by Generation Y youth (Codrington). Where did it all begin? Heterosexual relationships have existed from the beginning of time, when the God of Christianity created Adam and Eve. Since that time relationships among heterosexual partners have continued to evolve. Instead of fathers arranging to give away their daughters to deserving men, people in America today now chose who they want to have relationships with. Dating and the Attractive Partner Sexual relationships usually begin with dating. Dating is the time when two people get to know each other and a time when they start to consider if they can have a long-term relationship. For today’s teens the new trend in dating is dating in groups of four, six, or even ten people (Stapinski). Even with this new trend however, the men are still asking the woman out. According to Leland Elliott and Cynthia Brantley, authors of Sex on Campus, 77 % of college boys still ask for the first date, while a mere 16 % of college woman take charge (49). Also, most college students (76 %) date only one person at a time. What do both men and woman look for in the opposite sex? If a woman were to answer for a man, most would probably list physical attributes such as eyes, smile, butt, and breasts, but the truth is that the number one thing a man l... ...girls in Jeopardy.† Human Ecology Forum Summer 1997:12+. * Pseudonym, to protect privacy 1 â€Å"Founded in 1916, world’s largest and oldest voluntary family planning organization. It is dedicated to the principles that every individual has a fundamental right to decide when or whether to have a child and that every child should be loved.† (www.plannedparenthood.com) 2 The condom concept dates back to 1350 B.C. when ancient Egyptians figured covering the penis might prevent pregnancy†¦Vulcanized rubber made an appearance as condom material in the mid 1800s. ( Sex on Campus 1997). â€Å"The Trojan brand has been a leader in providing videos and teaching guides for use in high school health education classes across the United States.† (Vogel 33). 3 HIV is an abbreviation for â€Å"Human Immunodeficiency Virus.† This virus is what causes AIDS ( Sex on Campus 1997).

Responsibility for the murder of King Duncan? Essay

It is hard to decide which of the two characters, Macbeth or Lady Macbeth, holds the most responsibility for the murder of King Duncan, as it is possible to think of both of them being equally to blame. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are both very ambitious characters and this will be looked at in this essay as part of the analysis of their contribution to Duncan’s murder. This essay will show how Lady Macbeth continuously influences Macbeth and Macbeth follows her every instruction. My essay will discuss both characters’ involvement and it will determine which one is the most culpable for King Duncan’s death. My first point will look at how Lady Macbeth persuades Macbeth to continue developing the plan for King Duncan’s demise. The first time that we see Lady Macbeth playing a part in the murder, is her reaction to the content of Macbeth’s letter. Immediately after reading the letter her initial decision is that, Macbeth must become king and she shows great determination, this can be supported with: â€Å"and shalt be / What thou art promised;† Merely a short time later Lady Macbeth says, â€Å"To catch the nearest way.† By this she means that Macbeth must become king by any means necessary. Yet she is not convinced that Macbeth is capable of committing the crime himself and so she goes onto say she will: â€Å"Pour my spirits in thine ear.† In this she is expressing how she will tell Macbeth what to do, and we can be sure that she is already developing a plan in order to claim the crown, and this can be seen when she says, â€Å"To have thee crowned withal.† Lady Macbeth is also trying to give Macbeth some of her character, as she does not believe that he could commit the murder without her help. The audience can see Lady Macbeth’s language symbolising evil when she says, â€Å"blanket of the dark.† Lady Macbeth wants the blanket to be dark because light would represent God and goodness and not killing Duncan, whereas Lady Macbeth needs darkness and Satan to help her to plan the deed. The blanket represents a cloud obscuring her conscience and preventing her from realising that her intended murder is wrong. Lady Macbeth’s conscience knows that murder is wrong but wants to call upon the supernatural powers to stop her conscience. This makes her guiltier as she understands how wrong the murder is and yet still wants to continue. It is clear that Lady Macbeth has not only got Macbeth’s interests at heart and is fully aware that she would become queen if Macbeth carries out the murder of Duncan. Just before this Lady Macbeth talks of wanting Macbeth to hurry home: â€Å"Hie thee hither,† We can conclude that this means Lady Macbeth wants the assassination to be carried out as soon as possible. During this passage we can clearly see Lady Macbeth for who she really is, and this is the first time that she is introduced to the play and immediately she reveals herself as being a deceitful and malicious character. Macbeth too shows his wicked nature when he looks to the witches for advice and information, and says, â€Å"Stay, you imperfect speakers. Tell me more.† Even though Macbeth knows that the witches are evil and are related to Satan, he wants to know more about the prophecies. Macbeth also feeds lines to Banquo so that Banquo will confirm what Macbeth wants to hear, â€Å"You shall be king.† Macbeth cannot believe that the witches have prophesised that he will become king when he says, â€Å"To be king / Stands not within the prospect of belief,† However what Banquo says does not stop Macbeth’s determination later in the play. Macbeth is desperate to hear more from the witches and to know more about being king, when he says, â€Å"Speak, I charge you.† The witches then disappear, and after the departure Macbeth discovers that another prophecy is found to be true. Macbeth believes the witches and ignores Banquo’s warnings that the prophecies are rooted in evil: â€Å"What, can the devil speak true?† Banquo does not want to have faith in the witches and believes that they are dangerous. In contrast Macbeth believes that he will be king even though the prophecies are a dangerous basis for his actions. Lady Macbeth decides to ignore the danger of the witches when she calls upon supernatural powers to help her: â€Å"Take my milk for gall.† It is clear from this that Lady Macbeth wants to rid her body of anything that may potentially hold her back from committing the deed. Clearly Lady Macbeth is desperate to be able to arrange the murder, and believes that by calling upon supernatural powers it will be possible, when Lady Macbeth says, â€Å"Come, thick night, / And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell,† and, â€Å"No compunctious visitings of nature / Shake my fell purpose,† The audience can see Lady Macbeth’s language becoming increasingly evil when she says, â€Å"thick night,† and â€Å"smoke of hell,† Lady Macbeth wants to have a dark night for the deed to occur, so that there is secrecy for the deed. She knows that if the night is dark then she will feel dark inside her and this will help her to perform the murderous action, this is an example of pathetic fallacy. Lady Macbeth says that the smoke is from hell and this represents the passion and desire and her evil desire to work with Satan on this sinful deed. Hell is also described as being torturous and burning, so â€Å"smoke of hell† is very evil language that Lady Macbeth uses. Then when Lady Macbeth hears of King Duncan’s arrival, she does not think of preparations for his stay but of his death: â€Å"He brings great news.† Her murderous plot can now continue, and we also see that Lady Macbeth is unwilling to let destiny take its course and wants to make her own future. This thought continues through the whole play up until the final point where the murder is committed, which can be seen when she says, â€Å"I feel now the future in the instant.† Macbeth also wants to make his own destiny and shows his first thought of murder when he says, â€Å"My thought, whose murder† This is halfway through Macbeth’s speech having just met the three witches, and Macbeth thinks of killing Duncan again when saying, â€Å"Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair.† This idea has not been put into Macbeth’s mind by anyone other than himself. Macbeth becomes very confused and disorientated in his understanding of what is right and what is wrong, shown when he says, â€Å"This supernatural soliciting / Cannot be ill cannot be good.† When saying, â€Å"This supernatural soliciting,† Shakespeare is showing that Macbeth knows that the witches have sought him. However is unsure as to whether he thinks it to be good or bad. Macbeth does not want to be associated with the witches however he also likes the idea of being king and is torn between right and wrong. Right and wrong continue to be blurred in his mind through the play up until Macbeth actually commits the murder of King Duncan. Macbeth is trying to say that what he can imagine is so horrific that it is worse than what could happen in life now, when he says, â€Å"Present fears / Are less than horrible imaginings.† Soon after the three witches have left Macbeth shows a greedy desire: â€Å"Two truths are told,† This particularly gluttonous desire continues throughout the play. Macbeth clearly knows that there would be great results for him, and his wife as a consequence of King Duncan’s demise, and this can be seen when he says, â€Å"With his surcease, success,† However, Macbeth does not think about this much longer as Banquo discourages him for thinking about the prophecies any more when saying, â€Å"Time and hour runs through the roughest day.† Yet Macbeth continues to think of the prophecies when he writes a letter to his wife. Having received the letter from Macbeth, Lady Macbeth chooses the path of persuading Macbeth to bring to an end any doubts about the murder. Firstly her main involvement, which is her consistent influence on Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is questioning Macbeth’s bravery and calling him a coward when saying, â€Å"Wouldst thou have that / Which thou esteem’st the ornament of life,† She then continues to call Macbeth a coward when she goes on to say, â€Å"Live a coward in thine own esteem,† Now Lady Macbeth tries to undermine Macbeth: â€Å"What beast was it then/ That made you break this enterprise to me?† Lady Macbeth is telling Macbeth that she would do anything for him and so he must also, when she says, â€Å"Had I so sworn / As you have done to this.† Lady Macbeth is using a variety of tactics to try and manipulate Macbeth to murder King Duncan, as best she can, which is eventually successful. Once Macbeth is fully coerced to the idea of committing the murder, he still has reservations. Lady Macbeth then reveals that she has schemed a plan and this is when she says, â€Å"What cannot you and I perform upon / Th’unguarded Duncan?† Showing how Lady Macbeth decides that murder is the best option as it is already planned, and that she is so keen on the idea. The whole murder is developed down to whom they shall blame it upon: â€Å"His spongy officers, who shall bear the guilt / of our great quell?† Showing Lady Macbeth’s incredible determination to continue with the murder, despite Macbeth’s worries. However, once Lady Macbeth embeds the plan into Macbeth’s mind, he continues to carry out the murder, following her instructions. This can be seen when Macbeth has a hallucination of a dagger in front of him. Macbeth is very confused when he says, â€Å"A dagger of the mind, a false creation,† and also â€Å"Witchcraft celebrates / Pale Hecate’s off’rings,† His language shows that there is evil within him and it is not just coming from external sources, such as the witches. Macbeth is talking to the dagger, and revealing that it leads him to what he wants to do, to murder King Duncan, when he says, â€Å"Thou marshall’st me the way I was going,† Macbeth knows what he is going to do, when he says, â€Å"On thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood.† This is his conscience trying to crush the idea, telling him that he is going to commit a murder and that it is morally wrong. â€Å"Horror†, â€Å"fatal vision†, â€Å"bloo dy business† and â€Å"wicked dreams abuse.† The language shows that Shakespeare portrays Macbeth as being absolutely evil, and this is because these words relate to the murder of King Duncan and show that the evil has risen from within Macbeth himself. When Macbeth prepares to commit the murder he has a fear that he may be discovered and that people will realise it was him who murdered King Duncan and not the guards who are to be blamed, this is when he says, â€Å"Hear not my steps, which way they walk,† As Macbeth leaves to commit the murder his last words are, â€Å"Hear it not, Duncan, for it is a knell / That summons thee to heaven or to hell.† Here Macbeth is cold, determined and purposeful, and Macbeth does not show any doubt as he leaves to carry out the deed at the end of the soliloquy. This essay clearly shows which character is most responsible for the demise of Duncan. Evidently Lady Macbeth is responsible in the way that she was determined at all times and only had one momentary doubt throughout the whole play. Looking at the consequences after the murder, Lady Macbeth does go on to kill herself. This illustrates that Lady Macbeth regrets the decision that she made and that she bears the guilt of the murder. In contrast to this Macbeth committed the crime without any doubt even though he had doubted before he was coerced to continue with the murder. Having murdered once Macbeth continued to murder, seeming to have acquired a taste for it, supplying us with the evidence that Macbeth was more responsible for the murder, due to his actually carrying out the deed and continuing to murder other innocent parties without a second thought.